IMPORTANT RARE FRAGMENT UYGHUR EMPIRE MAN IN REGALIA Start Price USD 2,950.00 Current Price USD 2,950.00 Time Left - Bid Count 0 Buy It Now Price - Reserve Price - Start Time Wednesday, December 03, 2008 End Time Friday, January 02, 2009 Location Rio de Janeiro,, Rio de Janeiro See more about 'IMPORTANT RARE FRAGMENT UYGHUR EMPIRE MAN IN REGALIA' Description   Name of the Item IMPORTANT AND RARE FRAGMENT OF PAINTING DEPICTING A NOBLE OR PRINCE  OF UYGHUR EMPIRE  IN FULL REGALIA,  FROM BEZEKLIK,  NEAR KHOCHO Provenance Central Asia – Former Uyghur Empire Materials Plastered wood and painted in minute details. Description This wooden painted fragment is a rare item. It is reported to be found or collected in a Monastery in Bezeklik, near Khocho and was acquired in Tehran in 1977, during the period of the Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi.   The Uyghur (also spelled Uygur, Uighur, Uigur, Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر; simplified Chinese: 维吾尔; traditional Chinese: 維吾爾; pinyin: Wéiwú'ěr) are a Turkic people of Central Asia. Today Uyghurs live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (also known by its controversial name Uyghurstan or East Turkistan) in the People's Republic of China.   There are Uyghur diasporic communities in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Germany and Turkey and smaller ones in Afghanistan, Russia and Taoyuan County of Hunan province in south-central Mainland China.  Uyghur neighborhoods can be found in major Chinese cities like Beijing and Shanghai. There are small communities in the United States, mainly in Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York City and Washington, DC, as well as Toronto and Vancouver in Canada.   Historically the term "Uyghur" was applied to a group of Turkic-speaking tribes that lived in the Altay Mountains. Along with the Göktürks (Kokturks), the Uyghurs were one of the largest and most enduring Turkic peoples living in Central Asia.   In the literature, the term Uyghur has a number of differing spellings, including Uigur, Uygur, and Uighur. The word means "Confederation of Nine Tribes" and is synonymous with the name Tokuz-Oguz. In Turkic inscriptions, the name Tokuz-Oguz is used for the subdued Uigurs, and the resisting are called Uigurs, pointing to semantical nuances between the two names. Etymologically, Türkic "tokuz" = nine, and "gur" = tribe. They were one of the Tele tribes that migrated in the 4th century from Hesi northward. The Chinese also referred to the Uyghurs as Hoy-Hu, Üan-Ga, and Chiu Hsing (English: "Nine tribes"). Another suggested etymology is a composite of "uigy" quick + "er/ir/ur" = man for "Quick People", "Uygar" as "civilised", and derivations such as "unified, united", though none of these are justified on historical or linguistic grounds. The first use of "Uyghur" as a reference to a political nation occurred during the interim period between the First and Second Göktürk Kaganates (630-684 AD). After the collapse of the Uyghur Empire in 840 AD, Uyghur resettled to the Tarim Basin.   In modern usage, "Uyghur" refers to settled Turkic urban-dwellers and farmers of Kashgaria or Uyghurstan who follow traditional settled pastoriaslist Central Asian practices, as distinguished from nomadic Turkic populations in Central Asia. The Bolsheviks reintroduced the term "Uyghur" to replace the previously used Turki. Today, Uyghurs live mainly in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, where they are the largest ethnic group. "Xinjiang", meaning "New Frontier", is the Chinese name of the Autonomous Region.   The Rise of Uyghurs in Mongolia A rebellion in 742 against the ruling Göktürk Khaganate by the Uyghur, Karluk, and Basmyl tribes left an immense power vacuum in Mongolia and Central Asia. The Basmyls captured the Göktürk capital Ötügen and their king Özmish Khan in 744, effectively taking charge of the region. However a Uyghur-Karluk alliance against the Basmyls was formed later the same year. The coalition defeated the Basmyls and beheaded their king. The Basmyl tribes were effectively destroyed; their people sold to the Chinese or distributed amongst the victors. The Uyghurs took control of Mongolia, with the Karluk tribes given lands further West. The Uyghur chief Kutluk bilge köl (Glorious, wise, mighty) had himself crowned as the supreme ruler (khagan) of all Altaic tribes and built his capital at Ordu Baliq. In 747, Kutluk bilge köl died, leaving his youngest son, Bayanchur Khan to reign as Khagan El etmish bilge ("State settled, wise"). After building a number of trading outposts with the Chinese, Bayanchur Khan used the profits to build the capital, Ordu Baliq ("City of Court"), and another city, Bai Baliq ("Rich City"), further up the Selenga River. The new khagan then embarked on a series of campaigns to bring all the steppe peoples under his banner. During this time the Empire vastly expanded, with Sekiz Oghuz, Qïrghïz, Qarluqs, Türgish, Toquz Tatars, Chiks and the remnants of the Basmïls coming under Uyghur rule. The Chinese defeat at the Battle of Talas combined with a series of rebellions, the largest being of An Lushan, forced the Chinese emperor to turn to Bayanchur Khan for assistance. Seeing this as an ideal opportunity to meddle in Chinese affairs, the khagan agreed, quelling several rebellions and defeating an invading Tibetan army from the south. As a result, the Uyghurs received tribute from the Chinese and Bayanchur Khan was given the daughter of the Chinese Emperor to marry (princess Ningo). In 756, the Uyghurs turned their attentions to a rival steppe tribe, the Kyrgyz to the north. Bayanchur Khan destroyed several of their trading outposts before slaughtering a Kyrgyz army and executing their Khan. Finally, in 759, after drinking heavily at a celebration, Bayanchur Khan died. His son Tengri Bögü succeeded him as Khagan Kutluk tarkhan sengün.   After the Empire The three kingdoms of Gansu (848-1036), Turfan (856-1369) and Karakhanids (850-1212) were formed by the Uyghurs who fled (southwest, west and further west respectively) from the Yenisei Kyrgyz, several years after the fall of the empire. None of these states became as powerful as the Uyghur Empire but did hold artistic, scientific and commercial achievements to their name. The Uyghurs became important civil servants in the later Mongol Empire, which adopted the Uyghur script as its official script   List of Uyghur Khagans The following list is based on Dennis Sinor, "The Uighur Empire of Mongolia," Studies in Medieval Inner Asia, Variorum, 1997, V: 1-25. Because of the complex and inconsistent Uyghur and Chinese titulatures, references to the rulers now typically include their number in the sequence, something further complicated by the non-inclusion of an unnamed ephemeral son of 4 between 5 and 6 in 790, and the inclusion of a spurious reign between 7 and 9.   744–747 Qutlugh bilge köl (K'u-li p'ei-lo) 747–759 El-etmish bilge (Bayan Chur, Mo yen ch'o), son of 1 759–779 Qutlugh tarqan sengün (Tengri Bögü, Teng-li Mou-yü), son of 2 779–789 Alp qutlugh bilge (Tun bagha tarkhan), son of 1 789–790 Ai tengride bulmïsh külüg bilge (To-lo-ssu), son of 4 790–795 Qutlugh bilge (A-ch'o), son of 5 795–808 Ai tengride ülüg bulmïsh alp qutlugh ulugh bilge (Qutlugh, Ku-tu-lu) 805–808 Ai tengride qut bulmïsh külüg bilge (spurious reign: tenure belongs to 7, name to 9) 808–821 Ai tengride qut bulmïsh külüg bilge (Pao-i), son of 7 821–824 Kün tengride ülüg bulmïsh alp küchlüg bilge (Ch'ung-te), son of 9 824–832 Ai tengride qut bulmïsh alp bilge (Qasar, Ko-sa), son of 9 832–839 Ai tengride qut bulmïsh alp külüg bilge (Hu), son of 10 839–840 Kürebir (Ho-sa), usurper 841–847 Öge, son of 9 Highlights Minutely painting showing the figure of a noble or prince dressed in extraordinary rob and wearing a high crown or tiara. Condition As it is and shown in picture. We would say: fragile, but stable. No restoration yet, but fragments glued in place. Measures 20 x 8 ¼  inches ( 51 x 21 cm) Reverse As shown in picture Date (or estimated) Not  completely sure, but possibly IX Century AD Origin of the item Private Collection in RJ. Acquired in Tehran in 1977, during the period of the Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi.   Business Information History/background Every item offered by MAT-AC (Mouseîon Antiques Trading) is unconditionally guaranteed to be Genuine and Authentic. We are located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil where we have a small shop. From 1996 we started to work as Antique Dealers and we have travelled many times to places related to History and Archaeology, looking for interesting items to sell and pieces for our own collection. From 2002 we work with Archaeological Tours. Also, we collect archaeological artifacts and art works for more than 25 years and part of this collection will be displayed in the Mankind Museum in Rio de Janeiro, which will be inaugurated soon. Payment policy We accept payments through PayPal, Mail order or Bank transfer for Citibank account. All payments are required until 5 days after the end of auction. After that an unpaid item report will be issued to eBay. Shipping information   Shipping WORLDWIDE => Buyer pays shipping costs depending on buyer's requests. Some expensive items can be sent free. Combined Shipping => Multiple items can be combined for a single low shipping cost. Insurance => Optional insurance. Registered Mail => If you would like registered Mail, please let me know as soon as you win the item. Not registered Mail is sent with buyer's risk. Note => For countries like China, Turkey, all Eastern Europe & Central and South America we recommend to send all items with registered Mail for your security. Note 2 => Parcels and Orders to Italy are subject to a high insurance always. Insurance We strongly recommend doing Insurance for all items sent abroad. For some expensive and rare items, we offer insurance as a COURTESY, even if the Buyer opts for not doing it. Otherwise, it is at buyer’s risk and we have no responsibility for damaging or losing the items. Return policy All illustrations are of the actual item offered here. The authenticity of all pieces is fully guaranteed and comes with our gallery Certificate of Authenticity. If the object does not fit the description; just let us know within 07 days after receiving the object. You send the item back in the same conditions and we will return the price you paid (shipping excluded).We don’t accept damaged items back. We will answer your questions as soon as possible. Please write to us: pradodemello@hotmail.com Travels to places of Archaeological significance Also, we organize special tours to places of archaeological and historical significance in travels designed as Courses of Archaeology in loco. With pleasure, we help people to purchase items in places as Damascus, Bucharest, Cusco and other odd places. Then, not only you can visit the place, but you can be assisted to buy good and interesting items. New Items and Special Collections We are listing items several times a week. We have a big collection of AFRICAN & OCEANIC ART - under our responsibility - and we are available to give information upon request. If someone is interest, we can offer the item on eBay. We have a good list of customers and sellers in Brazil and abroad. If you have a special thing in mind, don’t hesitate in asking to us. Please write to: pradodemello@hotmail.com   Place a Bid!